Two natures in one person
Doctrine · On Christ · from 451
One and the same Christ is made known in two natures, without confusion, without change, without division, without separation, the difference of the natures being in no way taken away by the union.
Chalcedon's four adverbs. They are a fence rather than an explanation: each rules out a way of saying it wrong, and none of them says how the union works.
Held it
- 449 — The Tome of Leo (Formulates). The letter the council acclaimed as the faith of Peter. The Seven Ecumenical Councils (NPNF series 2 vol. 14) · Chalcedon (451), the Tome of Leo
- 449 — Pope Leo I (Formulates). Writes that each nature keeps its own properties without defect and acts with the communion of the other. The Seven Ecumenical Councils (NPNF series 2 vol. 14) · Chalcedon (451), the Tome of Leo
- 451 — The Council of Chalcedon (Defines). Defines one and the same Christ in two natures, without confusion, change, division or separation. The Seven Ecumenical Councils (NPNF series 2 vol. 14) · Chalcedon (451), the Definition of Faith
- 451 — The Chalcedonian Definition (Formulates). The text of the four adverbs. The Seven Ecumenical Councils (NPNF series 2 vol. 14) · Chalcedon (451), the Definition of Faith
- 451 — The Eastern Orthodox Church (Holds). Receives Chalcedon as the fourth ecumenical council. The Seven Ecumenical Councils (NPNF series 2 vol. 14) · Chalcedon (451), the Definition of Faith
- 451 — The Roman Catholic Church (Holds). Receives Chalcedon, whose Definition takes up its own bishop letter. The Seven Ecumenical Councils (NPNF series 2 vol. 14) · Chalcedon (451), the Definition of Faith
Refused it
- 451 — The Coptic Orthodox Church (Rejects). Does not receive the council, and the Alexandrian succession divides from that year. History of the Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria · the life of Dioscorus, 25th patriarch of Alexandria
- 451 — The Syriac Orthodox Church (Rejects). Does not receive the council; its own chronicle treats Chalcedon as the beginning of the division. Chronique de Michel le Syrien · Michael the Syrian, book 8, chapter 11
- 513 — Severus of Antioch (Rejects). Argues that to say in two natures after the union is to divide the one incarnate Word, and refuses the Definition while accepting what it denies of Eutyches. Letters, and Against the Impious Grammarian · Severus, Against the Impious Grammarian, book 2
In the disputes
- The Acacian schism Zeno's Henotikon of 482 tried to make peace in the East by going round Chalcedon rather than through it, and broke communion with Rome for thirty-five years instead.
- The division over Chalcedon The council that settled one question opened another that has not closed.
First stated in this form after The Seven Ecumenical Councils (NPNF series 2 vol. 14) · Chalcedon (451), the Definition of Faith.