council · 529 · Orange
At Orange in 529 Caesarius of Arles secured the western settlement of the long grace controversy: against the semi-Pelagians the council confessed that grace precedes every human turning, while refusing any predestination to evil. Rome's confirmation made it the West's benchmark on grace until the Reformation debates.
The Second Council of Orange was held in 529 at Orange, which was then part of the Ostrogothic Kingdom. It affirmed much of the theology of Augustine of Hippo and synergism, and made numerous proclamations against what later would come to be known as semi-Pelagian doctrine.
The lingering semi-Pelagian question: does saving faith begin from man or from grace?
Augustine's doctrine received in its moderate form: even the beginning of faith is God's gift — predestination to evil anathematized.