Two wills and two operations
Doctrine · On Christ · from 649
In Christ there are two natural wills and two natural operations, without division, without change, without separation and without confusion, the human will following and not resisting the divine.
The Lateran of 649 stated it and Constantinople III bound it in 681. It is Chalcedon's grammar applied to the will: if the natures are two and entire, so is what each of them wills.
Part of Two natures in one person.
Held it
- 645 — Maximus the Confessor (Defends). Argues that a will belongs to a nature and not to a person, so that two entire natures must have two wills. The Christian Tradition 1: The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition (100–600) · Pelikan, vol. 2, ch. 2
- 649 — The Lateran Council of 649 (Defines). States two natural wills and two natural operations in Christ. A History of the Councils of the Church from the Original Documents · Hefele, book 16, on the Lateran Council of 649
- 681 — The Third Council of Constantinople (Defines). Defines two natural wills and two natural operations, the human will following and not resisting the divine. The Seven Ecumenical Councils (NPNF series 2 vol. 14) · Constantinople III (681), the Definition
- 681 — The Definition against Monotheletism (Formulates). The text of the definition. The Seven Ecumenical Councils (NPNF series 2 vol. 14) · Constantinople III (681), the Definition
In the disputes
- The dispute over the wills of Christ A formula of union offered to the churches that had refused Chalcedon: grant two natures, but one will.
First stated in this form after The Seven Ecumenical Councils (NPNF series 2 vol. 14) · Constantinople III (681), the Definition.